The Internet protocol television brought seamless potential that has revolutionized the media and telecommunication industries by\nproviding a platform for transmitting digitized television services. However, zapping delay is a critical factor that affects the quality of\nexperience in the Internet protocol television. This problem is intrinsically caused by command processing time, network delay, jitter,\nbuffer delay, and video decoding delay. The overarching objective of this paper is to use a hybrid delivery method that agglutinates\nmulticast- and unicast-enabled services over a converged network to minimize zapping delay to the bare minimum. The hybrid\nmethod will deliver Internet protocol television channels to subscribers using the unicast stream coupled with differentiated service\nquality of experience when zapping delay is greater than 0.43 s. This aids a faster transmission by sending a join message to the multicast\nstream at the service provider zone to acquire the requested channel. The hybrid method reported in this paper is bench marked with\nthe state-of-the-art multicast stream and unicast stream methods. Results show that the hybrid method has an excellent performance\nby lowering point-to-point queuing delay, end-to-end packet delay, and packet variation and increasing throughput rate.
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